Samsung RT34M Manuale Utente Scaricare il pdf (Pagina 13)

Dushyant Patel Introduction

S.K.P.C.P.E.R., Kherva 1 M .Pharm. Thesis

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION TO EPILEPSY:

¾ Epilepsy is a common chronic neurological disorder that is characterized by recurrent

unprovoked seizures

1, 2

. These seizures are transient signs and/or symptoms due to

abnormal, excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain

. About 50 million

people worldwide have epilepsy at any one time

. Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not

cured, with medication, although surgery may be considered in difficult cases. However,

over 30% of people with epilepsy do not have seizure control even with the best

available medications

. Not all epilepsy syndromes are lifelong – some forms are

confined to particular stages of childhood. Epilepsy should not be understood as a single

disorder, but rather as a group of syndromes with vastly divergent symptoms but all

involving episodic abnormal electrical activity in the brain.

1.1.1 CLASSIFICATION:

Epilepsies are classified in six ways:

1. By their first cause (or etiology).

2. By the observable manifestations of the seizures, known as semiology.

3. By the location in the brain where the seizures originate.

4. As a part of discrete, identifiable medical syndromes.

5. By the event that triggers the seizures, as in primary reading epilepsy

6. Musicogenic epilepsy.

1.1.2 DIAGNOSIS:

¾ The diagnosis of epilepsy requires the presence of recurrent, unprovoked seizures;

accordingly, it is usually made based on the medical history. Imaging and measurement

technologies such as electroencephalography (EEG), magnetic resonance imaging

(MRI), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), positron emission

tomography (PET), and magneto encephalography (MEG) may be useful to discover an

etiology for the epilepsy, discover the affected brain region, or classify the epileptic

syndrome, but these studies are not useful in making the initial diagnosis.

¾ Long-term video-EEG monitoring for epilepsy is the gold standard for diagnosis, but it is

not routinely employed owing to its high cost, low availability and inconvenience.

Convulsive or other seizure-like activity, non-epileptic in origin, can be observed many

1 2 ... 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 ... 92 93

Nessun commento

Samsung RT34M Manuale Utente Pagina 13